Protecting Bones with Medication
Prescription medication is part of a complete treatment plan. Some medications slow the rate of bone resorption. Others help the body build more bone. Some do both. Depending on your needs, your provider may prescribe more than one medication. Keep in mind that even with medication, you still need to exercise and get plenty of calcium.
Bisphosphonates
Bisphosphonates offer consistent results with few side effects. These medications help prevent and treat bone loss. Certain bisphosphonates are approved for use in men with osteoporosis, as well as men and women with low bone density who take corticosteroids. Bisphosphonates are in pill form and must be taken exactly as directed.
Benefits may include:
- Reducing bone loss
- Increasing bone density in the hip and spine
- Reducing risk of fractures in the spine, hip, and wrist
Side effects may include:
- Heartburn
- Nausea
- Abdominal pain
- Bone or muscle pain
Taking Bisphosphonates
Always read medication information closely. Bisphosphonates must be taken:
- On an empty stomach.
- With a full glass of water (8 oz) first thing in the morning.
- At least 30 minutes before any food, drink, or other medications.
- While sitting or standing. You should not lie down for at least 30 minutes after taking the medication.
Hormone Therapy
After menopause, many women choose to take hormones. Hormone therapy can ease postmenopausal symptoms. It may also be prescribed to help preserve bone density. Hormones may be in pill or skin patch form.
Benefits may include:
- Reducing bone loss
- Increasing bone density in the hip and spine
Side effects may include:
- Nausea
- Breakthrough bleeding, bloating, and weight gain
- Breast tenderness
- High blood pressure
- Increased risk of blood clots in the legs and of certain cancers
SERMs
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are another choice for prevention and treatment. They are taken as pills.
Benefits may include:
- Increasing bone density in the hip and spine
- Preventing bone loss
- Reducing risk of spinal fracture
Side effects may include:
- Hot flashes
- Leg cramps
- Increased risk of blood clots in the legs
Calcitonin
Of all the medications, calcitonin has the fewest side effects. It's a nasal spray and can be an alternative to the other medications. However, calcitonin may not be as effective. It is for treatment only.
Benefits may include:
- Slowing bone loss
- Increasing bone density in the spine
Side effects may include:
- Swelling, tenderness, or irritation inside the nose
- Nasal congestion and runny nose
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